Seeing the different opinions on the imaging effect of Sony Xperia Z1 L39h mobile phone on the Internet, the author would like to say that it is not only the software and hardware that affect the film, but also the quality and skills of the holder. Talents are the key to the application of equipment. The original purpose of writing this preliminary tutorial is to make it visible to those who like it, help those who study it, and make it convenient for modest people to review their past, This is also a satisfactory answer to the teacher.
This article is from: Ainongji Digital Alliance Contribution of members' silver keyboard (Weibo @ silver keyboard)
Chapter I Equipment Introduction
Today's trend of camera and mobile phone integration is unstoppable. Sony Xperia Z1 can be said to be the real flagship camera smartphone under One Sony strategy, Sony took the lead in applying its own G lens to Xperia Z1, which has 20.7 million pixels, and is equipped with a 1/2.3 inch large Exmor RS mobile stack image sensor and BIONZ mobile image processor. The Xperia Z1 hardware configuration, which integrates Sony imaging technology and a whole body, is powerful and has no doubt about its performance.
G Lens: Sony SLR camera is inherited from Minolta, which is a pioneer in creating a new era of autofocus camera. G lens is Minolta's advanced lens, similar to Canon's L-class red circle head. After Sony absorbed Minolta, the design and production line of G series lens also inherited. The lens equipped with Xperia Z1 has 5 sets of 5 aspheric resin lenses, with an equivalent focal length of 27mm and a wide angle of F2.0 aperture. The aspheric lens may effectively eliminate spherical aberration, improve the refractive index of the lens edge to the light, eliminate the barrel distortion caused by the over refraction of the light at the edge of the spherical lens, and at the same time increase the light transmission aperture and enhance the light transmission rate.
Exmor RS image sensor: The stack type CMOS sensor is developed from the back illuminated CMOS sensor. The new sensor places the circuit part that needs to be close to the photosensitive component under the photosensitive component, so that there is more space inside the device. While realizing function diversification, it has also achieved miniaturization. The sensor uses a new RGBW color coding method to expand the sensitivity range without damaging the image quality. The Xperia Z1 is equipped with a 1/2.3 inch IMX 200 CMOS 20.7 million pixel sensor, and the image quality performance is still excellent even in low light conditions.
BionZ Image Processor: The processor integrates multiple functions, enabling ordinary users to easily achieve high-precision focusing, DRO intelligent exposure compensation, flash control, automatic white balance, color control and red eye adjustment. At the same time, The BIONZ image processor also has the face recognition function, and its recognition response speed is second to none in the industry. The mobile version of BioNZ image processor developed by Xperia Z1 also provides 3 times the lossless image quality as optical zoom.
Sony's three core imaging technologies have all been applied to Z1, and the gap between mobile phones and card cameras will become smaller and smaller. Both in terms of weight and imaging, they have shown advantages. One day in the future, maybe the card camera is just the history of our chatting after dinner.
Chapter II Operation Instructions
Before starting to shoot with Xperia Z1, let's first understand the names of its software and hardware parts. The first step to improve the level of photography is to correctly grasp the names and functions of each part.
1. Appearance and keys
① Shutter button: Press the button fully to release the shutter and take a picture. The process of pressing the button is divided into two stages. The auto focus function is started half time, and the shutter will be released when fully pressed.
② G lens: Xperia Z1 G lens is the most important part in shooting. Due to the particularity of its location setting, do not cover it with your hands when shooting. The lens is a vulnerable part, so do not rub with sharp objects and keep it clean.
③ LED flash: In dim scenes, you can use flash to shoot as needed. Because the flash light is too hard, the author suggests that it should not be used unless necessary.
④ Zoom button: The distance of the picture can be adjusted during shooting. Although a 3x lossless digital zoom is provided, it is better to use a tripod to fix the zoom so as not to affect the image quality due to jitter.
2. Operation interface
① Scene selection: preset common modes, such as "soft skin color", "soft capture", "anti shake blur", "landscape mode", etc., which belong to the fast intelligent mode in M-file.
② Function switch key: This key can be used to switch between photographing and video recording. When switching to video recording, some photographing functions are disabled.
③ White balance and exposure compensation adjustment: white balance mainly includes automatic, incandescent, fluorescent, daylight and overcast. EV adjustment supports ± 2, 0.33 steps per gear.
④ Shutter button: virtual touch shutter button. When the shutter button is pressed, the system will automatically focus and take pictures. It is recommended to use this button when using a tripod to reduce machine vibration.
⑤ Shooting mode: similar to the mode dial of SLR camera. Advanced automatic, manual, time shift, picture effect, panoramic scanning, AR effect and Info eye functions are provided.
⑥ Main/auxiliary lens switching: This button can switch between the front camera and the rear camera. If you need to use the front camera for self portrait, you need to use the rear camera when shooting scenery and people.
⑦ Camera settings: you can set the photo resolution, ISO, metering mode, focusing mode, self timer, HDR, image stabilizer, face registration, etc.
⑧ Flash mode: the main modes are automatic, flash light compensation, red eye reduction, flashlight, etc. It is suggested that red eye reduction mode can be used when shooting portraits at night to make people's eyes more natural.
3. Shooting mode
The camera function of Xperia Z1 provides six functional shooting modes. Familiarity with their different shooting modes will greatly help simplify the shooting process.
① Advanced automation: no matter what kind of environment we take pictures in, the camera will be optimally set according to dozens of preset algorithms, which is the best choice for novices. Of course, even veteran photographers for many years will use this mode. In case of emergencies, we don't have to rush to set the camera, this mode is the best choice.
However, the disadvantages are also very obvious. Most of the settings can't be adjusted, and the photos we get may not be what we want. At the same time, we lose the fun of playing manually. Moreover, no matter how good the algorithm is, it is dead and can't be compared with human intelligence.
② Manual: There is no one of the most frequently used modes by the author. You can set white balance, exposure compensation, focusing mode, ISO, metering mode, etc.
At the same time, this mode also provides semi-automatic selection, which can directly adjust the scene mode for intelligent control.
③ Time panning: when the shutter is pressed, the time panning function will completely record 61 images within one second before and after the shutter. After taking a picture, we just need to move the photos in the turntable and select the best one to save. When using this function, try to shoot when the light is good. It is better to shoot along the light. Otherwise, out of focus often occurs.
④ Picture effect: This mode provides 9 kinds of real-time two-dimensional filters, through which you can take some simple creative shots.
⑤ AR effect: This mode provides 7 kinds of real-time 3D filters. On a broad plane, this mode can generate a virtual 3D scene.
⑥ Panoramic scanning: This mode provides four shooting methods for self rotating panoramic images: from bottom to top, from top to bottom, from left to right, and from right to left.
4. Photographing posture
Using the correct holding posture not only allows us to finish shooting smoothly, but also greatly affects the quality of shooting. In order to prevent hand shaking, it is very necessary for us to master the correct holding method.
The blue part of the above figure is the hold point of the horizontal snapshot, which is just my personal suggestion. After all, the mobile phone is different from the camera, and its weight is relatively light, so there is no hard and fast rule on the holding point. No matter horizontal or vertical, as long as the balance and operation convenience are met, this is the best way to hold the phone. However, due to the special lens position setting of Xperia Z1, remember to block the lens when holding the camera. At night or in low light, in order to avoid shaking hands, try to make full use of the surrounding objects that can provide support, such as walls, desks, etc.
5. Use of solid shutter
Since Xperia Z1 provides a two-stage solid shutter button, the correct use of the solid shutter button is of great help in taking clear photos and preventing camera shake.
In the preparation stage, we should first make the composition of the picture on the electronic screen, then focus on it half by pressing the shutter, and finally calm down, slowly accompanied by regular breathing, which can increase the stability of the shooting. The best time to fully press the shutter is also the most stable time when exhalation ends.
6. Accessories
If you are not confident in controlling the fuselage shake, the author suggests that you buy a tripod to make up for this regret.
The original SPA-MK20M tripod, which was launched with Xperia Z1, is not available in China at present. Even if there is one, I think it will be extremely expensive in the mobile phone tripod. The author now uses Futubao's RM-100 with the SJ80. The SJ80 can also be connected to a full-size tripod, and the overall price is only 48 yuan, which is extremely valuable.
Chapter III Advanced Manual Operation
1. White balance characteristics
The light has color, for example, the light of fluorescent lamp is green, and the light of incandescent lamp is red or orange. The function of white balance is to compensate for the influence of light color. Let's look at the types and effects of white balance.
① Auto: automatically compensates for the unique colors of all light sources, and also compensates for multiple mixed light sources.
② Cloudy day: used in cloudy weather without the sun. When used in sunny weather, the color will be slightly red.
③ Daylight: correct color rendering in sunny weather, and the most widely used white balance in outdoor shooting.
④ Fluorescent lamp: white balance for color tone compensation of fluorescent lamp, which can suppress the green tendency of fluorescent lamp.
⑤ Incandescent lamp: the white balance that compensates the hue of the incandescent lamp (black filament lamp). It can suppress the red or orange light of the lamp.
2. Exposure compensation EV adjustment
Exposure compensation refers to the photographer's adjustment of the brightness obtained by the camera after metering according to his personal preference. A camera with good performance is not omnipotent, let alone a mobile phone. The metering value is not always consistent with the photographer's idea. Z1 camera EV adjustment supports ± 2, 0.33 steps per gear.
As can be seen from the above figure, the picture in the auto exposure photo is generally dark, so the details of the phase skin have been missing. The photo with 1.66 level exposure compensation added to the right shows the skin details, and the black and white are more harmonious.
3. ISO sensitivity
ISO sensitivity indicates the value of sensitivity to brightness. The higher the value, the brighter the image can be in a dim environment. The shutter speed increases by one gear every time ISO is raised. In the era of film photography, some old photographers prefer to call ISO the shutter gear.
But there are also relative problems. High sensitivity will also bring high dryness. Because the high sensitivity is based on the electronic amplification of the signal, the impurity signal will be generated in this process, which is the "dry spot" I often hear. Cameras that use CMOS photosensitive components naturally need to produce dryness, and how much dryness they can tolerate depends entirely on their own ideas.
4. Metering mode
The metering relies on the metering system inside the camera, which is used to measure the brightness of the subject. The metering mode has various characteristics due to its different metering range. In order to get the correct exposure, it is very important to understand photometry.
① Center metering: Similar to the local metering mode, it also responds to the surrounding light, which is applicable when the subject is in the central position.
② Average metering: a commonly used metering mode, which is widely used in a variety of scenes from landscapes to snapshots. Average the brightness of the whole picture.
③ Spot metering: only measure the brightness within the gray circle. It can be used in scenes such as strong backlight where you want to measure the brightness of the face of the subject.
5. Focus mode
Focus mode is used to control which part of the picture should be clear. It is particularly important to choose a suitable focusing mode for different shooting situations. Correct focusing can not only highlight the depth of the picture, but also one of the essential qualities of a photography enthusiast. ① Single point autofocus: The camera automatically focuses on the selected object. The continuous auto focus function is turned on. Press and hold the camera shutter button until the white focus box turns blue, indicating that the focus has been set. When you release your finger, you will take a picture.
② Multi point auto focus: The camera will automatically focus on several areas of the image. Press and hold the camera screen until the yellow focus box turns blue, indicating that the focus has been set. When you release your finger, you will take a picture. The continuous autofocus function is off.
③ Face detection: The camera can automatically detect up to five faces, which are indicated by a yellow detection box on the screen. The camera automatically focuses on the nearest face.
④ Touch Focus: Touch a specific area on the camera screen to set the focus area. The continuous autofocus function is off. Press and hold the camera screen until the white focus box turns blue, indicating that the focus has been set. When you release your finger, you will take a picture.
⑤ Object tracking: After selecting an object by touching the object in the viewfinder, the camera will track it.
6. Flash mode
When the lighting conditions are poor or backlight, use flash to take photos. However, the flash light is so strong that it is easy to cause irreparable loss to the picture.
① Auto: The camera automatically determines whether the flash is required for lighting conditions. This is the initial mode of the Z1 camera.
② Flash fill: This setting can be used when the background is brighter than the main body, or when the ambient light is very dark. This removes unwanted shadows.
③ Reduce red eye: "Red eye" generally refers to the phenomenon of retinal redness caused by pupil enlargement when the flash lamp shines on the human eye during the person photography. Use this setting to eliminate red eye when taking pictures.
④ No flash: the flash is off. Sometimes, even in poor lighting conditions, better picture quality can be achieved without flash. To take good pictures without using the flash, you must keep your hands stable. Use a self timer to avoid blurring photos.
⑤ Flashlight: LED flashlight is in lighting state when taking photos. Compared with flash mode, the light is more natural and soft.
7. Shutter speed and aperture size
① Shutter speed: when the light is sufficient, the faster the shutter speed is, the clearer the image of moving objects will appear on the negative film, on the contrary, the more blurred the moving objects will be; When the light is insufficient, the faster the picture is, the darker the picture will be. On the contrary, the more light enters the lens, the brighter the image will be.
② Aperture size: the larger the aperture, the more light input, and the more blurred the background; The smaller the aperture, the smaller the light input, and the clearer the background. Since the lens aperture of Xperia Z1 does not have aperture blades, it also does not have aperture adjustment function, which also makes Z1 a veritable F2.0 constant aperture.
The first thing to say is the shutter speed of Z1. After the author tried to take photos of various lights, he calculated that the shutter speed was about 1/2s~1/4000s. Although Z1 is a constant F2.0 camera that automatically controls the shutter speed, if we want to change the shutter speed, we can still do it by raising or lowering the ISO.
Chapter 4 Light and Photography
With light, we can see the world clearly. Light is the essence of photography. If the object being photographed is compared to a sphere, the light in photography can come from any direction in the three-dimensional space of the sphere being photographed. For the convenience of expression, we usually use several approximate light line directions, such as along light, backlight, side along light, side backlight, top light, bottom light, etc.
1. Along light: the light irradiation direction is consistent with or basically consistent with the camera shooting direction. Shadows are hidden behind the characters, and there is no obvious light dark relationship in the composition of the screen. Along light makes the brightness of the subject even and soft, and it is easier to block skin defects, while at the same time, it also lacks the sense of three-dimensional and shaping.
2. Backlight: The direction of illumination of the light is opposite to the shooting direction of the camera. The edge of the main character has obvious light contour, and the picture has obvious contrast between light and shade. Backlighting is also known as "contour lighting", especially the most particular way of lighting in portrait photography. The picture effect is very vivid and full of modeling characteristics.
3. Side light: the irradiation direction of the light and the shooting direction of the camera form an included angle of 90 degrees. The main character has obvious light receiving surface and backlight surface, and the direction of light and the relationship between light and shade are very clear. The side light makes the subject have a distinct sense of hierarchy and three-dimensional, which is called "texture lighting".
4. Lateral smooth light: the light irradiation direction and the camera shooting direction form a sharp angle relationship. The sidelight has the characteristics of both sidelight and sidelight. It not only ensures the brightness of the subject, but also makes the light and dark contrast appropriate, with a good shaping effect. Lateral light is the most common light used for exterior wedding dress, and also the ideal light for single light source.
5. Side backlight: the irradiation direction of the light and the shooting direction of the camera form an obtuse angle. The side backlight has the characteristics of both backlight and side light. With side backlight lighting, the light receiving surface of the subject's face and body only accounts for a small part, and the shadow surface accounts for a large part. The side of the figure has obvious contour light, which can well show the stereoscopic sense of the subject with rich levels. The side backlight pictures are easy to produce good light and shadow effects.
6. Top light: as the name implies, it is the light from the top of the head, also known as the skeleton light. The most representative top light is the noon sun. This light makes the protruding part brighter and the concave part darker. It will make the people's eyes and nose appear ugly shadows.
7. Bottom light: the light that shines vertically from people's feet often makes the subject appear cruel. Pure bottom light is easy to form sinister, scary and stereotyped effects.
The lighting of really good works is very particular. People often say that photography is an art of light and shadow. Different light conditions will lead to different photo effects. The above figure shows the common lighting skills. We should not only learn to use light, but also control light when conditions permit. There are countless works taken by using reflective panels.
Chapter 5 Composition in Photography
Composition is an activity related to aesthetics. There is beauty everywhere in life. You should not only be good at finding beauty around you, but also learn to show your visual feelings on the screen, so that wonderful moments will last forever.
When taking a picture, to a large extent, composition determines the realization of the idea and the success or failure of the work. Composition is a basic skill, the skeleton of a photograph, and the arrangement and treatment of the subject matter in the photograph by the photographer in order to express his intention. Therefore, good composition is the first element of good photos.
1. Central point composition: the most basic composition method. Most beginners of photography use this composition to place the subject in the center of the picture. It is applicable to ID photos or group photos of people.
2. Diagonal composition: the composition method of making part of the subject pass through the diagonal of the picture, which is mostly used for taking landscape photos. If the outline of the mountain can pass through the diagonal, the shooting effect will be very ideal.
3. S-type composition: composition commonly used in landscape photography. Putting an S-shaped subject into the picture, such as a winding river, can make the picture full of motion.
4. 9-house composition: also known as "well" composition, it is a composition method that divides the picture into nine parts and places the main subject on the intersection. Although it is very traditional, it is simple and effective. Many cameras have preset 9-house lines, but it is unknown why this kind of grid line has been reduced in the camera on Z1.
The four above are very common composition modes, which are relatively easy to use. I don't know whether you have heard of the composition mode of "golden ratio", also known as the golden section. Ancient Greek mathematicians found a law with beautiful value when dividing line segments. It is widely used in art, photography and other fields. It is to divide a straight line into two long and short segments, so that the ratio of small segments to large segments is equal to the ratio of large segments to the whole segment, and the ratio is 1:1.618.
This ratio has been considered as the best ratio from ancient Greece to the 19th century. It was widely used in the creation of European medieval architects and painters as well as classical sculptors, and was considered to be the most appropriate proportion division, with aesthetic value in modeling.
In composition, the golden section rule is applied, and the main representation is in the use of golden section points, lines and planes. The golden section point, in the panoramic composition, is mostly the main performance object, or the position of the visual center. In the middle and close range composition, it is mostly the position of the main parts of the scenery. In portrait composition, people's eyes are often placed near the golden section. The golden section line is often used as the location of the horizon, horizontal line and skyline. We usually say that the gold ratio, namely the proportion of 0.618, is about a little more than 1/3. It is said that the ancients found the rule of beauty from the Venus sculpture, not that what is at this point is beautiful, but that it is at this point that the whole is harmonious and comfortable.
A photo with strict composition will give you a comfortable and harmonious feeling. By doing this, you have taken the first step of a qualified photographer. You don't just need to remember the rigid keys of Jiugongs and S-shaped composition. Continuous transcendence, innovation and breakthrough are what you should do.
Chapter VI Sample Appreciation
Chapter VII Summary
Today, the gap between the camera of mobile phones and the consumer grade card DC is getting smaller and smaller. Seeing the camera parameters of Xperia Z1, I seem to see the future of the card camera. The application of large size image sensors, high-quality lenses, independent imaging processors, etc. has led to the trend of camera smartphones to replace the card camera. Perhaps it is time to say goodbye to the card camera.
Photography is an art of light, shadow and composition. No matter what kind of mobile phone or camera you use, it is not enough to just master the operation of the device. The key to self improvement is to see more, think more and adopt more! At the same time, don't be bound by the order and definition. Bringing forth the new through the old is the source power of advancement. A good photographer is neither a single technology controller nor a single art controller. The perfect combination of multiple knowledge is the prerequisite for making a good film, which is completely inseparable from the accumulation of personal experience in daily life. Only careful observation and bold practice can sublimate the essence of this way.
Sharing is the basic condition for progress. In order to write this tutorial, the author has personally done everything from content planning to definition diagrams, from shooting samples to post production. The purpose of saying this is not to show off myself. I was willing to share with the public, but I hope that future generations can follow suit. The mobile phone photography tutorial is still in a relative vacuum today, without comprehensive theoretical support. So whether you are a novice or an expert, I hope you can share your photography experience, so that more people can learn! When you share your own achievements, whether the results are praise or correction, each netizen's reply can make you feel your own value in the network.
Before writing this tutorial, I had expected that some people would have doubts. If you are in the attitude of pointing out, I would like to ask you to put forward valuable suggestions, and we can improve this tutorial together; Whether you are Xiaobai or an expert, I hope that after you read this tutorial, you will have something to gain. This is my greatest happiness and my motivation to continue!
